Importance of Technical Writing

Although creative writing is a complex and complicated discipline in its own right, it would be wrong to consider that mastering it can give you any edge at all in technical writing. Technical writing follows a completely different set of rules and principles; and the importance of their proper implementation can hardly be overestimated. After all, the everyday workings of modern world depend in a much more crucial way on technological documentation than on fiction and even journalism – for good or worse. Technical writing deals with specific knowledge, generally in the sphere of science and technology, and may be used in a wide variety of media: technical documentation, manuals, scientific articles, dissertations and so on. Each of these kinds of writing follows its own set of rules, and in order to write, for example, an article in a scientific magazine one doesn’t simply have to know his subject – one has to know the conventions of this genre, the way scientific and technological thought is to be expressed. It doesn’t mean that otherwise you wouldn’t be understood – although in some cases you really wouldn’t – it simply means that no self-respecting magazine is going to accept your article if it isn’t written properly. And it isn’t merely an arbitrary choice to do something in a specific way – it is a result of the long evolution of language used in science and technology. A lot of different other ways were tried out and found wanting – thus, what we have now is the most effective way of imparting knowledge found so far. That is why technical writing is of such tremendous importance. At a glance one may say that students of technology and science should concentrate on their primary disciplines – their particular branches of technology and science – in order to achieve more in them, and skills of communication and writing are superfluous at the very best, redundant at the very worst. It is, however, far from being true. A person may be an excellent scientist or engineer – he may even have ideas in his head that, if properly addressed, can change the way we perceive his discipline, or even science in general. But if he lacks these necessary writing skills he won’t be able to impart his ideas, to persuade others in their merits. And in our modern competitive world it is more important as ever. A second-rate specialist with a better grasp of technical writing can prepare a better, more organized project than a brilliant expert who neglected this part of his education. And taking into consideration that the majority of technologists and engineers today are working in business, in competitive fields, it is worth mentioning that their (Engineering) department is always just one of many, and it has to contend with other units: management, marketing, design and so on. Although technically all departments within one company strive to achieve one and the same goal, they don’t necessarily agree on how it is to be done. Engineers, when all is said and done, do the work that is the job of others to sell – they are by definition less inclined to deal with other people, prove their point and sell their ideas than, let’s say, marketing department. And if a technologist is going to be competitive in such an environment, he has to have tools to prove his point – namely, good understanding of technical writing. That is why every person willing to pursue a career in science and technology will do himself or herself a world of good by doing their best and getting the grasp of technical writing before it becomes an issue.

The Problem Of Medical Benefits - 2467 Words

In animal and human cloning alike, arguments over ethicality boil down to a matter of medical benefits versus moral concerns. Governmental and social groups are split by the benefits of therapeutic, reproductive, and molecular cloning, which bring their own moral rewards in the preservation of life, and the grey areas cloning brings on matters of protection of morals and individuality. Through cloning technology, medical science will learn to renew activity of damaged cells by growing new cells and replacing them, yet concerns are raised over the possibility of compromising individualities or violating the rights of the cell. Cloning gives the capability to create humans with identical genetic makeup to act as organ donors for each other,†¦show more content†¦As of now, there are three types of cloning, each with their own potentials and moral arguments against. Molecular cloning, also known as recombinant DNA technology, DNA cloning, and gene cloning†, entails the tra nsfer of DNA from an organism to a self-replicating genetic element such as a bacterial plasmid. A bacterial plasmid is a small DNA molecule within a cell that is separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. The DNA of interest can then be cultivated in a foreign host cell. This technology has been around since the 1970s, and has become a common practice in molecular biology labs today. Molecular cloning provides scientists with an essentially unlimited quantity of any individual DNA segments derived from any genome. As molecular cloning does not go beyond a molecular level or involve stem cells, there is little that is morally reprehensible about it, and is left alone. Stem cells are a major concern for activist groups in that stem cells come from embryos that are three to five days old. At this stage, an embryo is called a blastocyst and has about 150 cells, which can divide into more stem cells or can become any type of cell in the body. Therapeutic cloning, which is the production of human embryos for use in research, becomes more of an ethical issue in its use of embryonic stem cells. The

Digital Fortress Chapter 37 Free Essays

Downstairs at the Alfonso XIII, Becker wandered tiredly over to the bar. A dwarf-like bartender lay a napkin in front of him. â€Å"Que bebe Usted? What are you drinking?† â€Å"Nothing, thanks,† Becker replied. We will write a custom essay sample on Digital Fortress Chapter 37 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"I need to know if there are any clubs in town for punk rockers?† The bartender eyed him strangely. â€Å"Clubs? For punks?† â€Å"Yeah. Is there anyplace in town where they all hangout?† â€Å"No lo se, senor. I don’t now. But certainly not here!† He smiled. â€Å"How about a drink?† Becker felt like shaking the guy. Nothing was going quite the way he’d planned. â€Å"?Quiere Vd. algo?† The bartender repeated. â€Å"?FinoJerez?† Faint strains of classical music were being piped in overhead. Brandenburg Concertos, Becker thought. Number four. He and Susan had seen the Academy of St. Martin in the Fields play the Brandenburgs at the university last year. He suddenly wished she were with him now. The breeze from an overhead air-conditioning vent reminded Becker what it was like outside. He pictured himself walking the sweaty, drugged-out streets of Triana looking for some punk in a British flag T-shirt. He thought of Susan again. â€Å"Zumo de arandano,† he heard himself say. â€Å"Cranberry juice.† The bartender looked baffled. â€Å"Solo?† Cranberry juice was a popular drink in Spain, but drinking it alone was unheard of. â€Å"Si.† Becker said. â€Å"Solo.† â€Å"?Echo un poco de Smirnoff?† The bartender pressed. â€Å"A splash of vodka?† â€Å"No, gracias.† â€Å"?Gratis?† he coaxed. â€Å"On the house?† Through the pounding in his head, Becker pictured the filthy streets of Triana, the stifling heat, and the long night ahead of him. What the hell. He nodded. â€Å"Si, echame un poco de vodka.† The bartender seemed much relieved and hustled off to make the drink. Becker glanced around the ornate bar and wondered if he was dreaming. Anything would make more sense than the truth. I’m a university teacher, he thought, on a secret mission. The bartender returned with a flourish and presented Becker’s beverage. â€Å"A su gusto, senor. Cranberry with a splash of vodka.† Becker thanked him. He took a sip and gagged. That’s a splash? How to cite Digital Fortress Chapter 37, Essay examples

About Love Summary Essay Example For Students

About Love Summary Essay ABOUT LOVE (Anton Chekhov Summary: In â€Å"About Love† we read the dynamics of romantic love which tries to show that ‘love’ as such is not bound by marital relations. Anton Chkhov presents accounts of love affairs expressing his personal experience which makes him feel that love is just a hindrance and a source of dissatisfaction and irritation. The story begins in a country house where Alyohin, the narrator was having breakfast with his guests Burkin and Ivan Ivanych. Meanwhile, Nikanor the cook came to ask what to prepare for dinner. Then Alyohin revealed the love affair of Nikanor and Pelageya, one of his servants. According to him, Pelageya loved Nikanor very much. She did not want to marry him, but was ready to live with him just so. The cook was deeply religious and therefore he was ready to live with her if she married him. Alyohin has been living a farmer’s life at Sofyino since he graduated from the University. As a graduate, he was not fit for rough work but his father had spent a lot of money on his education by mortgaging the estate. So he had to work hard until he paid off the debt. Although he was a landowner, he would work with his men and women like a peasant. He also tried to maintain his civilized life by reading books and by drinking coffee and liqueurs after lunch and dinner. Later in summer he would be so tired that he could not go to upstairs to his bed. He would sleep anywhere and began to eat in the servant’s kitchen. He had been elected honorary magistrate many years before. And sometimes he had to go to town to take part in court sessions. Then he would lead a luxurious life and meet educated persons. He made friends in the town. One of the friends was Luganovich, who unexpectedly invited him to dinner. In his house he met Anna Alelxeyevna, Luganov’s wife. Her first baby was born just six months before. She was a young, beautiful, kind, intelligent, fascinating woman. When he was near her, he felt as if he had been familiar with her long ago in his childhood. Her husband was good-natured and simple-minded. He could not express his personal opinion on the decision of the court even at dinner and in private conversation. Both the husband and the wife entertained the guest. Their active participation made him think that they lived in peace and harmony. Alyohin spent the whole summer at Sofyino. Her memory remained in his mind all those months. He felt as if her shadow was lying lightly in his soul. In the late autumn, Alyohin attended a charity show in the town and he saw Anna there. She looked wonderfully beautiful with her lovely and caressing eyes and she gave him the same feeling of nearness. She said that he looked dull and old, and that she expected that he would come to the theatre. The next day he lunched with the Luganoviches. After that he would visit the family every time he went to the town. He went into their house as though he were one of the family. She would welcome him and ask why he hadn’t seen them for so long. Her gaze, her beautiful hand, her simple dress, her hairstyle, her voice, her gait would make him feel new, extraordinary and very important. They would talk for hours. If she was not in the home, he would wait for her. When she came home from the market, he would take all her parcels from her as a boy. Alyohin was unhappy. He wondered why Anna had married Luganovich, not him. Luganovich was not energetic, but old and obedient. Whenever he went to the town, he would find that she was expecting him. They would talk for a long time, but they never told that they loved each other. They tried to conceal it. He loved her deeply, but had no strength to fight against it. He supposed that his gentle love could ruin the life of her husband, her children and it was not a good thing. If he had married her, she would not have been happier in his country house. They might not have loved each other afterwards. Anna also might have thought like this. She might not make him happy because she was not young enough for him and not labourous to start a new life. So she would ask her husband to find a suitable girl for Alyohin. He would come to the Luganoviches’ and he was warmly welcomed there. He would go to the theatre with her. In the hall they would sit side by side, and he felt that she was his own. But when they came out, they would go separately as strangers. Anna’s behavior had been changed recently. She would frequently go to her mother and sister. She began to be moody. She felt that her life was unsatisfactory and ruined. At such times she did not care to see her husband and her children. She was being treated for nervous tiredness. She would disagree with Alyohin and wanted to tease him knowingly. Luganovich was transferred to the western provinces and Anna had to go to Crimea for her treatment. A lot of people had come to the railway station to see Anna off. She had said goodbye to her husband and her children. But she had almost forgotten her basket. Alyohin ran into her compartment with it and then he had to say goodbye. When their eyes met together, their spiritual strength left them. He took her in his arms. She pressed her face to his breast, and tears flowed from her eyes. Kissing her face, he said that he loved her. Now he realized that the thing that stopped them from loving each other was unimportant. He understood that one should reason about love from the higher level, and that one should not think of happiness or unhappiness, sin or virtue. He kissed her for the last time, pressed her hand and separated from her for ever. The train was already moving. He went into another empty compartment. Until he reached the next station, he sat crying. Then he walked home to Sofyino. The rain stopped and the sun came out. Burkin and Ivan enjoyed the scene outside. At the same time they were sorry for Alyohin. He could make his life happier by doing something else instead working on the farm. They also thought of Anna’s sorrowful face. Question Answers 1. Tell about the love between Pelageya and Nikanor. Ans: Pelageya is a beautiful girl. She is servant of the narrator. Nikanor is a cook. There is a violent love affair between them. She wants to live with him just so. But Nikanor is a religious man so he wants to marry her. Sometimes he drinks and swears at her and even beats her. Whenever he drinks, she hides upstairs and sobs. They express their sensual love. 2. Sketch the character of Alyohin. Ans: Alyohin is a citizen of Russia. He lives at Sofyino. He is a farmer. Strange Meeting EssayThere he meets Luganovich and makes him an intimate friend. He also meets his wife Anna who has a six mothes old baby. She is wonderfully beautiful with herr lovely and emotional eyes. He falls in love with her. But their love is unexpressed. He goes to her house and she welcomes him. They become familiar, begin to visit cinema, etc. So that the society watches them taking lvoe. As an educated man Alyohim sokethimes becomes aware of his and her life, thinks about future and realizes that marriage will be destructive to both of them. Anyway he falls in love with her and hteir love is spiritua and true. When the was in university, he also fell in love with a girl who counningly finished his money. Her love was only ofr money. Alyohin has experiences of three types of love. Alyohin is a middle class man. He is moral. He knows the middle class morality. He sacrifices everything for his morality. So he decides not to destroy Anna’s life and family. He is not cunning and wicked man. He is frank, free, sincere and emotiinal man gueded by his own reason. He even goes to the rail station to say good bye to Anna. He is a kind and helpful man. He is also a man of foresight. 13. How did Alyohin define love? Ans: Alyohin defined love as a mysterious thing beyond all types of social limitations in About Love. Alyohin presented three love is possible between too much unmatchable persons having totally different life ideologies. Love story between alyohin himself and Anna also justified love as a mysterious thing. Alyohin was graduate and an unmaried person. Anna was married woman and mother of two children. Thery lvoed to each other but they didn’t now that they loved each other. They only knew that on eoved the other. Love between two ddistinctively different persons like Alyohin and Anna was also possible. So, love is defined as a mysterious flexible thing which is not limited within social, age, caste, religious and class factors. Anton triess to justify the meaning and definition of love through Alyohin as an unkimited and unrestricted thing in the world which crosses very tyep of boundaries. 14. In the story â€Å"About Love † there are mainly tow stories of love. The first is love affiar betwee two servants and the other is Alyohin’s won love story. How does Anton Chekhov show the contrast between the two stores? Ans: In the story†About Love† Anton Chekhov shows the contrast betwe th atwo love stores. The first is the love betweent eh two servatns pElageya and Nikanor. Pelageya loves Nikanor but she dones not want to marry im. She wnats to love with him ust fo. But Nikanor asks ehr to marry,. He doews not like to live with her being hsband and wife before marriage cecause his relihoon deos not permit him to live with her just so. The writer shows the second love between Alyohin, the naraator of this story and Anna, the wife of Luganovich,. When Alyohhn s elected Honorary Justice, he goes ot the town and meets Luganovich. Luganovich inveites hism for dinner. There he sees his wife Anna and is attacted by her. Anna and Alyohin bvoth fall in love but ehy don not expres their love. They are afaraid of omorality thiehking that the ove maay be harmful. As a result, Anna has a mental sickness and she ahs to go tyo Crimea for treatment. At last they accept and express their love to each other and say good-bye. They separate for ever. There are many differences between these two love stories. Teh first one is the love between the two servants but the second one is between the two landowenrs and ecucated persons. The two servants, Pelagey and Nikanor, expres their violent love affair derectly but alyohin and Anna hide their love. The servants fight each other but Alyohin and Anna do not. They behave politely. Their love is spiritual, true and higher kingd whereas the servants are passionate and mean. The servants cannot contro their lvoe but Alyohin and Anna can control. The servetns so not think avbout the result of love isn future but Alyohin and Anna think deeply about the result fo their lvoe in future. On this way Xheknov shows the contrast bvetween two ve stories: on is expressed love and the other is unexpressed love. Questions to Practise a. Describe the love between Pelageya and Nikanor. b. Why didn’t Nikanor want to love with beautiful Pelageya â€Å"just so†? c. How does Alyohin define love? d. Why should the love, in each case, be individualized? e. When does love become hindrance and source of dissatisfaction? f. How and where did Alyohin meet Anna Alexeyevna? g. Why did Alyohin and Anna try to conceal their love though it had become deep between them? h. What was the cause of Anna’s sickness? What was the result of it? i. Sketch the character of Alyohin. j. In the story â€Å"About Love † there are mainly tow stories of love. The first is love affiar betwee two servants and the other is Alyohin’s own love story. How does Anton Chekhov show the contrast between the two stores? Questions to Practise a. Describe the love between Pelageya and Nikanor. b. Why didn’t Nikanor want to love with beautiful Pelageya â€Å"just so†? c. How does Alyohin define love? d. Why should the love, in each case, be individualized? e. When does love become hindrance and source of dissatisfaction? f. How and where did Alyohin meet Anna Alexeyevna? g. Why did Alyohin and Anna try to conceal their love though it had become deep between them? h. What was the cause of Anna’s sickness? What was the result of it? i. Sketch the character of Alyohin. j. In the story â€Å"About Love † there are mainly tow stories of love. The first is love affiar betwee two servants and the other is Alyohin’s own love story. How does Anton Chekhov show the contrast between the two stores? Questions to Practise a. Describe the love between Pelageya and Nikanor. b. Why didn’t Nikanor want to love with beautiful Pelageya â€Å"just so†? c. How does Alyohin define love? . Why should the love, in each case, be individualized? e. When does love become hindrance and source of dissatisfaction? f. How and where did Alyohin meet Anna Alexeyevna? g. Why did Alyohin and Anna try to conceal their love though it had become deep between them? h. What was the cause of Anna’s sickness? What was the result of it? i. Sketch the cha racter of Alyohin. j. In the story â€Å"About Love † there are mainly tow stories of love. The first is love affiar betwee two servants and the other is Alyohin’s own love story. How does Anton Chekhov show the contrast between the two stores?